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Appropriate transport for the contemporary world
Wednesday, July 25, 2012
A reflection on shortsighted policy
A Guest Post from environmentalist and rickshaw advocate Sayed Saiful Alam from Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sayed challenges claims that traveling by rickshaw is 'inhumane' to the riders. He critiques Government initiatives to 'Modernize' Dhaka by removing rickshaws from the streets and the subsequent traffic congestion caused by an increase in motor vehicles in his city.
Sayed also points out the micro economic benefits of the rickshaw industry, which has traditionally supported thousands of families and provided a flexible employment option for people who would otherwise be forced to work in much worse conditions.
How inhuman is the business of pedaling a rickshaw? It might not
be a profession most of you reading this article would like to have, but
neither is it likely you would wish to spend hours a day standing in
water, bent at the waist, transplanting rice. The measure of whether a
profession is inhuman is not whether or not we are willing to engage in
it, but rather what those working in it feel about it and what their
alternatives are. Rickshaw pulling is a huge source of needed jobs; the
pullers themselves clearly prefer it to begging or starving. Further,
unlike many other professions, it is fairly well-paid, involves a good
deal of independence, and gives the pullers a chance to choose their
hours and to rest when they wish. It is thus far less inhuman than many
other professions. What is inhuman is denying people the right to earn a
living.
How well can we manage without the rickshaw in
Dhaka? It is important to remember that many trips taken are short. Does
it make sense to wait 10-20 minutes for a bus in order to travel 3
kilometres? What if you have many destinations: say a woman taking her
child to school, going to a shop, visiting a relative, going home, then
going back to pick up her child? If she had to buy separate bus tickets
for each trip segment, the expense would be exorbitant. No wonder 41% of
trips to take children to school occur by rickshaw; it is a safe,
convenient, and affordable form of door-to-door transport.
As
for walking as an alternative, we are all for it: but first there needs
to be a better environment for walking. The problems faced by those on
foot in Dhaka are numerous: footpaths in bad condition, often occupied
by parked cars, and used at times by motorbikes; lack of safe street
crossings; bad smells due to the lack of public toilets; lack of safety
at night; and the exposure to continual fumes and noise from the traffic
on the streets. Rickshaws provide a fairly pleasant alternative to the
dismal business of walking in Dhaka; it is unfair to the middle class to
take away that option in the assumption that they should either buy a
car or suffer on buses, which themselves involve a number of obstacles
to comfortable travel and of course only operate on certain routes,
causing problems for those traveling with children, carrying heavy
items, and so on.
Speaking of the popularity of
rickshaws, it is helpful to compare the percentage of trips that occur
by rickshaw versus car. No measures have been taken to ban cars from
narrow lanes, despite the obvious fact that cars create congestion in
the lanes, blocking the easy movement of hundreds of people traveling by
rickshaw. Far from it: the building code is insisting on the provision
of ever more car parking, providing incentive for ever more cars, even
on narrow streets. But how popular is the car versus the rickshaw?
According
to the latest government figures, for overall trips in the Dhaka
Metropolitan Area and Dhaka City Corporation, 4-5% are made by car
versus 29-39% by rickshaw. While men make 32% of their trips by car,
that figure is 47.4% for women. As mentioned, 41% of trips to school
occur by rickshaw; only 4% are taken by car (yet cars already create
hideous congestion around schools and during the times when children go
to and from school). While car use is far higher among the wealthy (here
defined as those earning over 50,000 taka per month), at 18% of trips,
that figure is still dwarfed by rickshaw trips: 35% of trips taken by
the wealthy are by rickshaw. That is, rickshaws account for twice the
number of trips as cars even among the wealthier, and up to ten times as
many trips overall. If it is so important to ban vehicles due to the
congestion they create, why on earth is it the rickshaw that is being
banned?
Finally, are rickshaws an antiquated vehicle that should be
relegated to the past, or instead a glowing emblem of modernity? The
most modern, attractive, liveable cities are mostly in western Europe. A
significant portion of trips in those cities – say, 30-50% or more –
occurs by bicycle. European cities, as well as growing numbers of cities
in Australia and North America, promote the bicycle in order to reduce
traffic congestion, fumes, noise, and travel expense, and to increase
the attractiveness and liveability of cities.
What after
all is a rickshaw but a three-wheeled bicycle (imagine trying to cycle
through Dhaka...no wonder people prefer rickshaws!). Given the related
catastrophes of climate change, peak oil, obesity, and lack of physical
activity, governments around the world are trying to get people out of
their cars. It is the low-income cities of the world that are heading in
the opposite direction, laying out the red carpet for cars while making
life difficult and unsafe for pedestrians and cyclists. Why are
policymakers in Dhaka insistent on making things worse for the city
rather than better? If we really want to reduce traffic congestion, we
must do what city after city around the world has been forced to do:
actively work to reduce travel by car and increase travel by other
means.
Years ago, an international transport expert
referred to Dhaka’s modal share as “enviable”: few cars and many
rickshaws. Rather than appreciate what we had and work to make things
even better, we are instead working to increase traffic congestion,
noise, fumes, and expense, and to make moving about the city more
difficult for the non-car-owning majority.
It is also
interesting to note that the latest rickshaw bans occurred after
government decisions to limit car use through a variety of measures. To
the best of our knowledge, none of those measures have been implemented
to date, while other measures to encourage car use continue. What was
done instead, despite significant media attention over the last few
years to the problem of private cars, was to ban rickshaws from various
streets. Clearly the decision was based on prejudice, not any technical
understanding of the situation. It allows the government to say that it
is doing something to improve traffic, while only making matters worse,
because politically it is difficult to put into places measures to
reduce the vehicle preferred by a tiny portion of the most wealthy and
powerful.
But it is wrong to believe that only rickshaw
pullers are upset by the bans. Dhaka residents have long suffered for
the various bans that have been put into place over the years: witness
the long lines of people attempting to go to and from New Market by
rickshaw, or the anger of women in focus groups discussing the rickshaw
bans on Mirpur Road. Of course people want safe, convenient, comfortable
transport. People also vote. It is not wise to anger the masses through
such wrong-minded decisions.
It is time to raise our voices
in support of smart traffic planning: to ensure that all people, not
just those with a car, can move about safely and conveniently; that
non-polluting modes are given priority; and that international
experience in addressing traffic congestion is put to good use here. It
is time to say no to further rickshaw bans, to overturn the recent ones,
and to work together to make Dhaka a city in which people can move
about safely, comfortably, and conveniently on foot, on 2- and 3-wheeled
bicycles (rickshaws), and on public transport. We would all benefit
from the improved air quality, safety, and convenience.
A Guest Post from environmentalist and rickshaw advocate Sayed Saiful Alam from Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Author:
Syed Saiful Alam
How inhuman is the business of pedaling a rickshaw? It might not be a profession most of you reading this article would like to have, but neither is it likely you would wish to spend hours a day standing in water, bent at the waist, transplanting rice. The measure of whether a profession is inhuman is not whether or not we are willing to engage in it, but rather what those working in it feel about it and what their alternatives are. Rickshaw pulling is a huge source of needed jobs; the pullers themselves clearly prefer it to begging or starving. Further, unlike many other professions, it is fairly well-paid, involves a good deal of independence, and gives the pullers a chance to choose their hours and to rest when they wish. It is thus far less inhuman than many other professions. What is inhuman is denying people the right to earn a living.How well can we manage without the rickshaw in Dhaka? It is important to remember that many trips taken are short. Does it make sense to wait 10-20 minutes for a bus in order to travel 3 kilometres? What if you have many destinations: say a woman taking her child to school, going to a shop, visiting a relative, going home, then going back to pick up her child? If she had to buy separate bus tickets for each trip segment, the expense would be exorbitant. No wonder 41% of trips to take children to school occur by rickshaw; it is a safe, convenient, and affordable form of door-to-door transport.
As for walking as an alternative, we are all for it: but first there needs to be a better environment for walking. The problems faced by those on foot in Dhaka are numerous: footpaths in bad condition, often occupied by parked cars, and used at times by motorbikes; lack of safe street crossings; bad smells due to the lack of public toilets; lack of safety at night; and the exposure to continual fumes and noise from the traffic on the streets. Rickshaws provide a fairly pleasant alternative to the dismal business of walking in Dhaka; it is unfair to the middle class to take away that option in the assumption that they should either buy a car or suffer on buses, which themselves involve a number of obstacles to comfortable travel and of course only operate on certain routes, causing problems for those traveling with children, carrying heavy items, and so on.
Speaking of the popularity of rickshaws, it is helpful to compare the percentage of trips that occur by rickshaw versus car. No measures have been taken to ban cars from narrow lanes, despite the obvious fact that cars create congestion in the lanes, blocking the easy movement of hundreds of people traveling by rickshaw. Far from it: the building code is insisting on the provision of ever more car parking, providing incentive for ever more cars, even on narrow streets. But how popular is the car versus the rickshaw?
According to the latest government figures, for overall trips in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area and Dhaka City Corporation, 4-5% are made by car versus 29-39% by rickshaw. While men make 32% of their trips by car, that figure is 47.4% for women. As mentioned, 41% of trips to school occur by rickshaw; only 4% are taken by car (yet cars already create hideous congestion around schools and during the times when children go to and from school). While car use is far higher among the wealthy (here defined as those earning over 50,000 taka per month), at 18% of trips, that figure is still dwarfed by rickshaw trips: 35% of trips taken by the wealthy are by rickshaw. That is, rickshaws account for twice the number of trips as cars even among the wealthier, and up to ten times as many trips overall. If it is so important to ban vehicles due to the congestion they create, why on earth is it the rickshaw that is being banned?
What after all is a rickshaw but a three-wheeled bicycle (imagine trying to cycle through Dhaka...no wonder people prefer rickshaws!). Given the related catastrophes of climate change, peak oil, obesity, and lack of physical activity, governments around the world are trying to get people out of their cars. It is the low-income cities of the world that are heading in the opposite direction, laying out the red carpet for cars while making life difficult and unsafe for pedestrians and cyclists. Why are policymakers in Dhaka insistent on making things worse for the city rather than better? If we really want to reduce traffic congestion, we must do what city after city around the world has been forced to do: actively work to reduce travel by car and increase travel by other means.
Years ago, an international transport expert referred to Dhaka’s modal share as “enviable”: few cars and many rickshaws. Rather than appreciate what we had and work to make things even better, we are instead working to increase traffic congestion, noise, fumes, and expense, and to make moving about the city more difficult for the non-car-owning majority.
It is also interesting to note that the latest rickshaw bans occurred after government decisions to limit car use through a variety of measures. To the best of our knowledge, none of those measures have been implemented to date, while other measures to encourage car use continue. What was done instead, despite significant media attention over the last few years to the problem of private cars, was to ban rickshaws from various streets. Clearly the decision was based on prejudice, not any technical understanding of the situation. It allows the government to say that it is doing something to improve traffic, while only making matters worse, because politically it is difficult to put into places measures to reduce the vehicle preferred by a tiny portion of the most wealthy and powerful.
But it is wrong to believe that only rickshaw pullers are upset by the bans. Dhaka residents have long suffered for the various bans that have been put into place over the years: witness the long lines of people attempting to go to and from New Market by rickshaw, or the anger of women in focus groups discussing the rickshaw bans on Mirpur Road. Of course people want safe, convenient, comfortable transport. People also vote. It is not wise to anger the masses through such wrong-minded decisions.
It is time to raise our voices in support of smart traffic planning: to ensure that all people, not just those with a car, can move about safely and conveniently; that non-polluting modes are given priority; and that international experience in addressing traffic congestion is put to good use here. It is time to say no to further rickshaw bans, to overturn the recent ones, and to work together to make Dhaka a city in which people can move about safely, comfortably, and conveniently on foot, on 2- and 3-wheeled bicycles (rickshaws), and on public transport. We would all benefit from the improved air quality, safety, and convenience.
Syed Saiful Alam
Environmental Activist